CNS tumor that arises from cells lining the VENTRICULAR system.May produce “DROP metastases” (CSF contains malignant cells, tumor nodules form along spinal cord).Homer-Wright ROSETTES (small BLUE cells surrounding acellular pink neuropil).Composed of sheets of small BLUE cells (due to hyperchromic nuclei and scant cytoplasm).Soft friable tumors with areas of NECROSIS.Some MEDULLOBLASTOMAS contain MYC amplifications.Can extend into the 4th ventricle (diamond-shaped CSF collection) –> intracranial hypertension (extension into 4th ventricle → obstructive hydrocephalus → ICH).Stain positive for SYNAPtophysin & NEURON specific enolase (because tumor originates from cells that are partially differentiated in the NEURONAL direction).MEDULLOBLASTOMA (most common pediatric MALIGNANT CNS tumor).Stains positive for GFAP (because they are glial tumors).Well-circumscribed tumors contain both solid and cystic components composed of cells with long “hairlike” processes long processes of tumor cells contain Rosenthal fibers (EOSINOPHILIC CORSKSCREW-shaped glial filaments).Frequently contain activating mutations in the BRAF gene → activates abnormal cell growth.Grade 1 (benign, unlike astrocytomas in adults ).PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMA (named for “hairlike” projections on microscopy) (most common pediatric CNS tumor, almost always occurs in children).Certain genetic syndromes increase the risk of pediatric CNS tumors (tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis 1).Exposure to ionizing radiation increases the risk of CNS tumors.INFRAtentorial tumors can cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS (due to obstruction of 4th ventricle).INFRAtentorial CNS tumors can cause “cerebellar symptoms” (nausea/vomiting, gait problems, ataxia, impaired coordination).Most pediatric CNS tumors develop BELOW the tentorium cerebelli.Spread the word about it and earn 10.00% of the purchase price on sales you refer.
#MYNOTES STEP 1 DOWNLOAD#
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You will be able to download my high yield notes immediately. Providing, and your handwriting is very easy to read. I've been usingīRS costanzo w/ kaplan videos but these are great high yield facts you're Thanks for adding the neuro/ physiology as well. These notes look great, highlighting main
#MYNOTES STEP 1 SERIES#
Series w/ videos + med essentials, and qbook/ qbank/ pretest/usmle world for these look awesome! Your suggestions are really helpfulĪs well. Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Pharmacology, Anatomy, Physiology, Neuroscience, Behavior Science, Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology, Buzz Words My Step 1 notes cover following subjects now : Hypokalamia - "U" wave on EKG Hyperkalamia - peaked T wave on EKG Sickle cell anemia - Affect medulla most severly - can cause papillary necrosis Pemphigus vulgaris: IgG against desmosomes (intracellular atttachment), (+) Nikolsky sign,īullous Pemphigoid: IgG against basement membrane, (-) Nikolsky signĬortical necrosis of both kidney sparing medulla - DIC Periportal zone (zone 1) in liver is the most sensitive to toxic injury Pericentral vein zone (zone 3) in liver contains P450 oxidase enzyme system & is most Hydrocele of spermatic cord: incomplete fusion of processus vaginalis Subacute Lymphocytic thyroiditis: painless, mild hyperthyroidismīerger's disease: hematuria following URTI, IgA deposition in mesangiumīuerger's disease: (thromboangitis obliterates) - Male smoking cigarettes, involvement of toesĬongenital inguinal hernia: total failure of processus vaginalis to fuse lysis of infected RBCs)ĭe Quarian thyroiditis: (subacute granulomatous): painful, mild hyperthyroidism NK cell mediated Cytotoxicity: CD 56 ( No antibody involve. Thiazide Diuretics: used in renal stone (hyper calciurea)Īntibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC): IgG + NK cells - use CD 16 molecule Rheumatic fever: Type-2 HS (Hyper Sensitivity)Ĭarbomyl phosphate in cytoplasm: pyrimidine synthesisĬarbomyl phosphate in mitochondria: urea cycle Placenta Previa: painless bleeding, placenta implantation over cervical os These notes helped me to get a score of 239/99įew Examples : Ībruptio Placenta: painful bleeding, maternal hypertension or cocaine abuse This is the reason why I am able to sell over 250 notes with 100% positive feedbacks I have also pointed out CLUES in BOLD to identify rightĬhoices. That's why I have combined so many confusing things in my notes which you Wrong choices and we always stuck with two choices in deciding which one is the correctĪnswer. In USMLE exams, we usually get a definite idea after reading question that these 3 out of 5 are
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